Anthropometric Characteristics and Weight Status of Early Adolescents (Aged 12-14) in Montenegro; Urban-Rural and Regional Differences.

The aim of this study was to determine urban-rural and regional differences in anthropometric characteristics among adolescents aged 12-14, as well as to present the prevalence of weight status. A total of 534 adolescents aged 12-14 from primary schools across Montenegro participated in this cross-sectional study (283 boys, aged 13.52 ± 0.42, body height 169.43 ± 8.89, body weight 60.54 ± 13.47; 251 girls, aged 13.51 ± 0.40, body height 165.54 ± 6.67, body weight 55.28 ± 9.27). The sample was divided by geographic region in Montenegro into northern, central, and coastal regions, and according to settlement type into urban and rural inhabitants. Anthropometric characteristics were assessed using a battery of seven variables: arm span (AS); body height (BH); body weight (BW); waist circumference (WC); hip circumference (HC); body mass index (BMI); and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). BMI was categorized based on the World Health Organization's (WHO) cut-offs. The results indicate that girls from urban areas exhibited significantly greater body height and lower BMI values compared to their rural counterparts. Similarly, boys from urban areas also demonstrated lower BMI values compared to their rural peers. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in other anthropometric characteristics between these two groups of adolescents. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc analysis, it was found that girls from central areas had significantly greater body height compared to those from northern and coastal areas. Likewise, boys from northern areas showed higher body mass and BMI values compared to those from central areas. Additionally, both boys and girls from central areas had higher values compared to those from coastal areas. Nevertheless, no significant differences were detected in other anthropometric characteristics among adolescents from these regions. This study identified significant differences in anthropometric parameters among participants based on urban-rural status and within regional divisions. However, further research encompassing a larger sub-sample and a broader array of anthropometric variables is needed to draw a more comprehensive conclusion.

Correction: Grasgruber et al. Mapping the Mountains of Giants: Anthropometric Data from the Western Balkans Reveal a Nucleus of Extraordinary Physical Stature in Europe. Biology 2022, 11, 786.

Note: The authors apologize for the rather extensive text corrections [...].

Mapping the Mountains of Giants: Anthropometric Data from the Western Balkans Reveal a Nucleus of Extraordinary Physical Stature in Europe.

The inhabitants of the Dinaric Alps (former Yugoslavia and Albania) have long been known as people of impressive body height, but after World War II, there was a critical lack of data related to this phenomenon. This anthropological synthesis includes the measurements of 47,158 individuals (24,642 males and 22,516 females) from the period 2010−2018 and describes detailed regional differences in male stature in the Western Balkans. According to these data, young men from Montenegro (182.9 cm) are currently the tallest 18-year-olds in the world, surpassing their Dutch peers (182.4 cm), and 18-year-old boys from Dalmatia are even taller (183.7 cm) at a regional level. A continuous belt of extraordinary height means (>184 cm) stretches from the Adriatic coast of Dalmatia through Herzegovina to the central part of Montenegro. This article summarizes all the key socio-economic, nutritional, and genetic data, and offers possible explanations for this anthropological phenomenon. Since the remarkable height of the Dinaric populations cannot be connected with any commonly known environmental factor, the most probable hypothesis is genetic and links these physical characteristics with the local founder effect of Y haplogroup I-M170. Furthermore, given that both the level of socio-economic development and dietary protein quality are still sub-optimal, the local upward trend in body height has the potential to continue in the future.

Somatotype Profiles of Montenegrin Karatekas: An Observational Study.

Competitive karate activity involves numerous factors affecting performance in sport. Physical structure and somatotype is considered to be one of them. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences between karate athletes in five male and five female official weight categories in different anthropometric measurements and to determine the somatotype profiles of athletes divided by weight categories. This study consisted of a total of 27 male karate athletes (21.88 ± 4.66 years) and 24 female karate athletes (20.29 ± 3.14 years). Measurements were taken in April 2020. Athletes are classified into official weight categories according to World Karate Federation rules. Somatotypes were calculated using anthropometry. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis to compare group differences regarding weight categories. Anthropometric parameters were highest in the heaviest categories compared to lighter categories. All male subjects were endomorphic mesomorph, except for category <84 kg, which was endomorphic ectomorphs. Somatotype analysis of male categories found a difference between the <75 kg and <84 kg in endomorphy. In mesomorphy, there is no difference between categories. Perceiving ectomorphy, there is a significant difference between the first category and the >84 kg. Profiling female athletes, three different types of somatotypes were obtained concerning the weight category. The lightest weight category was predominantly endomorphic ectomorphs, and two weight categories were ectomorphic endomorphs (<61 kg and <68 kg), and the other two weight categories were endomorphic mesomorphs (<55 kg and >68 kg). Somatotype differences in the female karate athletes were observed only in the ectomorphy components, between <50 kg and <61 kg. The present study points to how the somatotypes profiles of karate athletes differ between weight categories.

Body mass index and measures of body fat for defining obesity and underweight: a cross-sectional study of various specialties in Montenegrin police force / Índice de masa corporal y medidas de la grasa corporal para definir la obesidad y el bajo peso: un estudio transversal de diversas especialidades en la policía de Montenegro

SUMMARY: The Police force personnel cover an exceptionally wide range of different activities, so it is logical that this heterochronic group has different abilities and characteristics, including daily needs, while changes in body composition and decrease in physical abilities represent a modern issue that has not bypassed this population either. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the indicators of the body composition of the Police force personnel, as well as possible differences that might occur in relation to different specialized police units. The subjects of this Cross Sectional study included 115 active-duty male members of the Police force (31.54 ± 10.5 year-old), divided into four groups, belonging to different specialized units. The sample of variables included five anthropometric measures (body height, body weight, abdominal skinfold, pectoral skinfold and front thigh skinfold) by which two body composition indicators - body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (FAT %) were calculated. The variables were analysed by using the one-way ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc test. It has been determined that there are differences in body composition indicators between the members of different specialized units of the Police force, while overweight was noted among the members of the two subpopulations. This fact indicates that members of certain specialized units of the Montenegrin Police force have adverse nutritional status and the situation may be described as alarming, which may lead to decrease in their physical fitness and effectiveness in service.

RESUMEN: El personal de la fuerza policial cubre una amplia gama de actividades diferentes, por lo que es lógico que este grupo heterocrónico tenga diferentes habilidades y características, incluyendo las necesidades diarias, mientras que los cambios en la composición corporal y la disminución de las capacidades físicas representan un tema de actualidad que también es evidente en esta población. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los indicadores de la composición corporal del personal policial, así como las posibles diferencias que pudieran presentarse en relación a las distintas unidades policiales especializadas. Los sujetos de este es- tudio transversal incluyeron a 115 hombres en servicio activo de la policía (31,54 ± 10,5 años), divididos en cuatro grupos, pertenecientes a diferentes unidades especializadas. La muestra de variables incluyó cinco medidas antropométricas (altura corporal, peso corporal, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo pectoral y pliegue cutáneo frontal del muslo) mediante las cuales se calcularon dos indicadores de composición corporal: índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (% FAT). Las variables se analizaron mediante ANOVA de una vía y la prueba LSD Post Hoc. Se determinó que existen diferencias en los indicadores de composición corporal entre los integrantes de las distintas unidades especializadas de la Policía, mientras que se observó sobrepeso entre los integrantes de las dos subpoblaciones. Este hecho indica que los miembros de determinadas unidades especializadas de la Policía de Montenegro tienen un estado nutricional adverso y la situación puede calificarse de alarmante, lo que puede llevar a una disminución de su aptitud física y eficacia en el servicio.

Trends in body height, body weight, BMI, and nutrition status from 1979 to 1987: a measurement-based analysis of 10, 954 male adolescents from the municipality of Bijelo Polje / Tendencias en la altura corporal, el peso corporal, el IMC y el estado nutricional de 1979 a 1987: un análisis basado en mediciones de 10. 954 adolescentes varones del municipio de Bijelo Polje

SUMMARY: This study aimed to consolidate data regarding body height, body weight, body mass index, and nutrition status of the entire young male population from the Municipality of Bijelo Polje in order to estimate trends from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents includes 10,954 young males divided into nine groups. The measurement sample includes body height, body weight, and body mass index based on two previous measures. The descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean and standard deviation for each variable, while the analysis of nutrition status was done based on body mass index (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, obese). The results showed that a secular trend in the observed study period is not visible regarding body height, body weight, and body mass index. The contribution of this study is reflected in the fact that there were no previously published data for this period and this municipality; the data can significantly aid in monitoring the secular trends throughout Montenegro.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo consolidar los datos sobre la altura corporal, el peso corporal, índice de masa corporal y el estado nutricional de toda la población masculina joven del Municipio de Bijelo Polje con el fin de estimar las tendencias de 1979 a 1987. La muestra de encuestados incluyó 10.954 hombres jóvenes divididos en nueve grupos. Las mediciones incluyeron la altura corporal, el peso corporal y el índice de masa corporal basado en dos medidas anteriores. Las estadísticas descriptivas se expresaron como media y desviación estándar para cada variable, mientras que el análisis del estado nutricional se realizó con base en el índice de masa corporal (bajo peso, peso normal, pre-obesidad, obesidad). Los resultados mostraron que una tendencia secular en el período de estudio observado no es visible con respecto a la altura corporal, el peso corporal y el índice de masa corporal. La contribución de este estudio está basada en que no existían datos publicados previamente para este período y en este municipio; los datos pueden ayudar significativamente a monitorear las tendencias seculares en todo Montenegro.

Trajectories of Body Height, Body Weight, BMI, and Nutrition Status from 1979 to 1987: A Measurement-Based Analysis of 8740 Montenegrin Male Adolescents from the Municipality of Berane.

This study aimed to consolidate the body height, body weight, BMI, and nutrition status data of the overall young male population from the Municipality of Berane in order to assess the trajectories of those variables from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents included 8740 adolescents who were divided into nine groups according to their age. The sample of variables included body height, body weight, body mass index, and nutrition status, which were presented based on a long-established BMI categorization (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, and obese). The descriptive statistics are expressed as the mean and standard deviation for each variable; the analysis of nutrition status was calculated based on BMI, while LSD post hoc testing with ANOVA was employed to investigate differences between the means. The results indicate that a secular trend is visible regarding body height and body weight, while no trend is visible for the BMI and nutrition status. This study's contribution is that it provides insight into more recently published data for the studied period and in this municipality, which can significantly aid in following the secular trend throughout Montenegro.

Body height and its estimation utilizing shoulder blade length measurements of Montenegrin adolescents of both sexes / La altura del cuerpo y su estimación utilizando medidas de la longitud de la escápula de adolescentes montenegrinos de ambos sexos

SUMMARY: The purpose of this research is to determine a regression equation for estimation of stature from shoulder blade length measurements. The sample in this research comprised 1001 adolescents, all of whom were in their final year of high school (504 males and 497 females) among the population of Montenegrin adolescents. The stature and shoulder blade length measurements were taken according to the ISAK protocol, and the data were analyzed statistically. Linear regression analysis determined the prediction of and shoulder blade length on the criterion variable a body height at the significance level of p <0.05. These relations are presented by using a scatter diagram (Fig. 2). Thereby, we obtained the coefficient of determination, the multiple correlation coefficients, the partial correlation coefficient, the regression, t-test and standardized beta coefficient. The research study confirmed that shoulder blade length reliably predicts stature in both sexes of Montenegrin adolescents and revealed a very useful finding for physical anthropologists and experts from related fields. It was confirmed that there is a correlation between shoulder blade length and body height (males: 34.3 %, females: 38.8 %). Therefore, shoulder blade length proves to be a reliable predictor for the actual body height estimates.

RESUMEN: El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar una ecuación de regresión para estimar la estatura corporal a partir de las medidas de la longitud del escápula. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1001 adolescentes, en su último año de estudios secundarios (504 hombres y 497 mujeres) entre la población montenegrina. Las medidas de estatura y longitud del escápula se tomaron de acuerdo con el protocolo ISAK y los datos se analizaron estadísticamente. El análisis de regresión lineal determinó la predicción y la longitud del escápula en la variable de criterio a altura corporal con un nivel de significación de p <0,05. Estas relaciones se presentan mediante un diagrama de dispersión. De ese modo, obtuvimos el coeficiente de determinación, los coeficientes de correlación múltiple, el coeficiente de correlación parcial, la regresión, la prueba t y el coeficiente beta estandarizado. El estudio confirmó que la longitud del escápula predice de manera confiable la estatura en ambos sexos de los adolescentes montenegrinos y reveló información muy útil para los antropólogos físicos y expertos de áreas relacionadas. Se confirmó que existe una correlación entre la longitud del escápula y la altura del cuerpo (hombres: 34,3 %, mujeres: 38,8 %). Por lo tanto, la longitud del escápula demuestra ser un predictor confiable de las estimaciones de la altura corporal real.

Differences in body composition between water polo players (U18) of the Southeast Europe top clubs / Diferencias en la composición corporal entre los jugadores de waterpolo (U18) de los mejores clubes del sudeste de Europa

SUMMARY: This research aimed to determine the differences between the junior (U18) water polo players of five Croatian and one Montenegrin clubs in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition. The first sample of the subjects consisted of 14 players of the water polo club Mladost average age 17.57±0.65, the second sample consisted of 11 players of the water polo club Sibenik (17.82±0.65), the third sample consisted of 13 players of the water polo club Primorje (17.23±1.01), the fourth sample consisted of 15 players of the water polo club Mornar (17.13±0.64), the fifth sample consisted of 13 players of the water polo club Medvescak (17.92±0.76) and the sixth sample consisted of 10 players of the water polo club Jadran Herceg Novi (Montenegro) (17.70±1.34). In the 2010-11 season, these clubs participated in Regional Water Polo League, commonly known as the Regional League or Adriatic League in Southeast Europe. The measurements was conducted in the competition season in the period September-December 2010, at sports centers and swimming pools of water polo clubs that participated in the research. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluated using a battery of 12 variables: body height, body weight, arm length, arm span, leg length, foot length, chest skinfold, triceps skinfold, back skinfold, abdominal skinfold, upper leg skinfold and body mass index. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the water polo players of six teams in the variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and body composition were determined using ANOVA and an LSD Post Hoc test.Based on the central and dispersion parameters, it can be stated that the values of all the variables are highly similar to all of the water polo players of these six clubs. The ANOVA test found that the water polo players of the six international clubs do not have statistically significant differences in the variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and body composition.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre los jugadores de waterpolo juvenil (U18) de cinco clubes croatas y uno montenegrino en las características antropométricas y la composición corporal. La primera muestra estuvo conformada por 14 jugadores del club de waterpolo Mladost de una edad promedio 17,57 ± 0,65 años, la segunda muestra estuvo conformada por 11 jugadores del club de waterpolo Sibenik (17,82 ± 0,65), la tercera muestra estuvo conformada por 13 jugadores de waterpolo del club Primorje (17,23 ± 1,01), la cuarta muestra estuvo formada por 15 jugadores del club de waterpolo Mornar (17,13 ± 0,64), la quinta muestra estuvo formada por 13 jugadores del club de waterpolo Medvescak (17,92 ± 0,76) y la sexta muestra consistió en 10 jugadores del club de waterpolo Jadran Herceg Novi (Montenegro) (17,70 ± 1,34). En la temporada 2010-11, estos clubes participaron en la Liga Regional de Waterpolo, comúnmente conocida como la Liga Regional o Liga Adriática en el sudeste de Europa. Las mediciones se realizaron en la temporada de competencias en el período septiembre-diciembre de 2010, en los polideportivos y piscinas de los clubes de waterpolo que participaron en la investigación. Las características antropométricas y la composición corporal se evaluaron utilizando una batería de 12 variables: altura corporal, peso corporal, longitud del brazo, extensión del brazo, longitud de la pierna, longitud del pie, pliegue del pecho, pliegue del tríceps, pliegue cutáneo de la espalda, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de la parte superior de la pierna e índice de masa corporal. Se calcularon los parámetros estándar central y de dispersión de todas las variables. Se determinó la significancia de las diferencias entre los jugadores de waterpolo de seis equipos en las variables de evaluación de características antropométricas y composición corporal mediante ANOVA y un test LSD Post Hoc. Con base en los parámetros central y de dispersión, se observó que los valores de todas las variables eran muy similares en todos los jugadores de waterpolo de estos seis clubes. La prueba ANOVA mostró que los jugadores de waterpolo de los seis clubes internacionales no tienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables para evaluar características antropométricas y composición corporal.

Comparative study of anthropometric measurement and body composition between elite handball and volleyball players from the Serbian national league / Estudio comparativo de medición antropométrica y composición corporal entre jugadores de balonmano y voleibol de élite de la liga nacional Serbia

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics and body composition of elite handball and volleyball players from the Serbian national league as well as to make comparisons between them. Sixty males were enrolled, divided into three groups: 15 handball players, 14 volleyball players, and 31 healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for the anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using the standardized procedures recommended by established literature. Data were analysed using SPSS, and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect the effects of each type of sport. The results showed there was no significant difference for body weight and body mass index, nor were there any differences for the bone contents of bodies among the groups, while significant differences were found for body height, as well as for muscle and fat content of body among the groups. These findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and enable them to follow recent selection process methods and to be more careful during talent identification.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas y la composición corporal de los jugadores de balonmano y voleibol de élite de la liga nacional serbia, y realizar comparaciones entre ellos. Se evaluaron sesenta hombres divididos en tres grupos: 15 jugadores de balonmano, 14 jugadores de voleibol y 31 sujetos sedentarios sanos. Se evaluaron las medidas antropométricas de todos los sujetos requeridas para el cálculo de las variables de composición corporal, utilizando los procedimientos estandarizados recomendados por la literatura establecida. Los datos se analizaron mediante SPSS y las estadísticas descriptivas se expresaron como media (DE) para cada variable, mientras que se realizaron las pruebas ANOVA y LSD Post Hoc para determinar los efectos de cada tipo de deporte. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencias significativas para el peso corporal y el índice de masa corporal, ni hubo diferencias para el contenido óseo de los cuerpos entre los grupos, mientras que se encontraron diferencias significativas de altura corporal, así como para el contenido de músculo y grasa corporal. Estos hallazgos pueden proveer un mejor conocimiento de trabajo a los entrenadores de la región y permitirles seguir los métodos recientes del proceso de selección y estar más atentos durante la identificación de talentos.

The 2018 National Report on Children's and Adolescents' Physical Activity and Physical Fitness for Montenegro.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to focus on a review of the literature on physical activity and physical fitness for children and adolescents in Montenegro, to identify and evaluate the current situation and provide a better basis for the creation of a future monitoring system. METHODS: The Montenegrin Research Team (MRT) has set up a specific methodology that is reflected in the assessment of physical activity and physical fitness of Montenegrin children and adolescents through ten separate indicators. Grades were awarded based on data found in available scientific articles that were published up to 2018, as well as in the grey literature, such as government and nongovernment reports and online content from the same period. RESULTS: All indicators averaged 3.7 on a six-point scale. It is interesting to note that two indicators were rated as excellent, three more indicators were rated with above-average, four indicators were rated as below-average and, lastly, one indicator was rated as "unfinished". CONCLUSION: Children's and adolescents' physical activity and physical fitness for Montenegro might be good, especially if compared to other countries from the region.

Trajectories in Body Height, Body Weight, BMI, and Nutrition Status From 1979 to 1987: A Measurement-Based Analysis of 15,717 Male Adolescents From the Capital City of Montenegro.

Introduction and Objective: This study aimed to consolidate body height and body weight, as well as the body mass index and nutrition status data of the entire male population of adolescents from Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro, in order to estimate trajectories in ahead mentioned variables from 1979 to 1987. Methods: The sample includes 15,717 male adolescents divided into nine groups according to their year of birth. The sample of variables includes body height, body weight, and body mass index, as well as nutrition status, which was presented based on BMI standardized categories (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, obese). The descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean and standard deviation for each variable, while post-hoc test with ANOVA were employed to explore differences between the means. Results and Discussion: This study did not find significant differences in the body proportions of the measured group of subjects during the observed period, but some descriptive differences were observed that might be of interest for further analysis, especially when it comes to nutritional status. Conclusions: The novelty and the original contribution of this study is reflected in the fact that descriptive data from the second half of the 20th century have been published, which can significantly help to follow the secular trend of one of the tallest nations in the world from the beginning of the 20th century-Montenegro-which has specific body proportions.

Differences in anthropometric characteristics between two elite female basketball national teams: participants at Eurobasket 2019 in Latvia and Serbia / Diferencias en las características antropométricas entre dos equipos nacionales de elite de baloncesto femenino: participantes en Eurobasket 2019 en Letonia y Serbia

SUMMARY: The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the female basketball players of the National team of Ukraine and the National team of Montenegro, in terms of their anthropometric characteristics and body composition. A sample of 27 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 13 players of the National team of Ukraine, of the average age 24.92±4.09, while the other sub-sample consisted of 14 players of National team of Montenegro, based on the average age of 22.36±4.14. All players were tested in Podgorica, in lasting period of two days, while they held preparations for the European Championship, one month before the start of the Championship. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of eleven variables: body height (cm), body weight (kg), triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, thighs skinfold, calf skinfold, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat and muscle mass (kg). Differences in anthropometric characteristic and composition of the body of the female basketball players of two national teams, Ukraine and Montenegro, were determined by using a discriminatory parametric procedure with t-test for small independent samples. It was found that the basketball players of Montenegro are slightly lower and have more body mass. Also, there are significant statistical differences by 3 variables that estimate the abdominal skinfold, calf skinfold and fat percentage, in favor of the National team of Ukraine.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre las jugadoras de baloncesto del equipo nacional de Ucrania y el equipo nacional de Montenegro, en términos de sus características antropométricas y composición corporal. Una muestra de 27 sujetos se dividió en dos submuestras. La primera submuestra de las jugadoras consistió en 13 miembros del equipo nacional de Ucrania, con una edad promedio de 24,92 ± 4,09, mientras que la segunda submuestra consistió en 14 jugadoras del equipo nacional de Montenegro, con una edad promedio de 22,36 ± 4,14. Todas las jugadoras fueron evaluadas en Podgorica, durante dos días, mientras realizaban los preparativos para el Campeonato de Europa, un mes antes de su comienzo. Las características antropométricas en la composición corporal se evaluaron mediante once variables: altura corporal (cm), peso corporal (kg), pliegue de tríceps, pliegue de espalda, pliegue de bíceps, pliegue abdominal, pliegue de muslos, pliegue de pantorrilla, índice de masa corporal (IMC) porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular (kg). Las diferencias en las características antropométricas y la composición del cuerpo de las jugadoras de baloncesto de dos equipos nacionales, Ucrania y Montenegro, se determinaron mediante el uso de un procedimiento paramétrico discriminatorio con prueba t para pequeñas muestras independientes. Se descubrió que las jugadoras de baloncesto de Montenegro son ligeramente más bajas y tienen más masa corporal. Además, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre 3 variables que analizan el pliegue cutáneo abdominal, el pliegue cutáneo de la pantorrilla y el porcentaje de grasa, a favor del equipo nacional de Ucrania.

Morphological characteristics and body composition of elite volleyball players: three Montenegrin clubs with most trophies participating in European competitions / Características morfológicas y composición corporal de los jugadores de voleibol de élite: tres clubes montenegrinos con la mayoría de los trofeos que participan en competencias europeas

The aim of this research was to determine the differences related to morphological characteristics and body composition among volleyball players of the three most successful volleyball clubs in Montenegro. The results of the survey highligted the differences in terms of morphological characteristics and body composition of the players of VC Budva, VC Buduc´nost and VC Jedinstvo. The sample of 43 subjects was divided into three sub-samples, the sub-sample of the subjects consisting of 12 players of VC Budva, the champions of Montenegro 2018-19, the other sub-sample of 17 players of VC Buducnost, the participant in the European CEV Challenge Cup 2018-19, and the one of the examinees including 14 players of VC Jedinstvo, the champions of Montenegro in the season 2017-18. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, calf skinfold, thigh skinfold, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The difference between the players of three the most successful volleyball clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition were determined by ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc test. ANOVA test found statistically significant differences between these three clubs, determined by six variables that estimate the skinfolds, as well as a variable of estimated body mass index (BMI). LSD Post Hoc test found that the volleyball players of VC Budva have significantly lower values ??with regard to triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, calf skinfold and thigh skinfold, compared to the players of VC Buducnost and VC Jedinstvo, while in the case of variables that evaluates body mass index (BMI), volleyball players of VC Buducnost have less values compared to the players of VC Budva and VC Jedinstvo.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias relacionadas con las características morfológicas y la composición corporal entre los jugadores de voléibol de los tres clubes de voleibol más exitosos de Montenegro. Los resultados de la encuesta destacaron las diferencias en términos de características morfológicas y composición corporal de los jugadores de VC Budva, VC Buducnost y VC Jedinstvo. La muestra de 43 sujetos se dividió en tres submuestras, la submuestra de las asignaturas consistió en 12 jugadores de VC Budva, los campeones de Montenegro 2018-19, la otra submuestra de 17 jugadores de VC Buducnost, el participante en la European CEV Challenge Cup 2018-19, y uno de los examinados, incluidos 14 jugadores de VC Jedinstvo, campeones de Montenegro en la temporada 2017-18. Las características morfológicas en la composición corporal se evaluaron mediante una batería de 11 variables: altura corporal, peso corporal, pliegue cutáneo del tríceps, pliegue cutáneo del bíceps, pliegue cutáneo de la espalda, pliegue abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de la pantorrilla, pliegue cutáneo del muslo, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular. . La diferencia entre los jugadores de los tres clubes de voleibol más exitosos en las características morfológicas y las variables para evaluar la composición corporal, se determinó mediante pruebas de ANOVA y LSD Post Hoc. La prueba ANOVA encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre estos tres clubes, determinadas por seis variables que estiman los pliegues cutáneos, así como una variable de índice de masa corporal (IMC) estimado. La prueba LSD Post Hoc encontró que los jugadores de voleibol de VC Budva tienen valores significativamente más bajos con respecto al pliegue de tríceps, pliegue de bíceps, pliegue abdominal, pliegue de pantorrilla y pliegue de muslo, en comparación con los jugadores de VC Buducnost y VC Jedinstvo, mientras que en el caso de Las variables que evalúan el índice de masa corporal (IMC), los jugadores de voléibol de VC Buducnost tienen menos valores, en comparación con los jugadores de VC Budva y VC Jedinstvo.

Differences in body composition between water polo players of national teams of Montenegro and Croatia participating in the European U15 Championship 2019 / Diferencias en la composición corporal entre los jugadores de waterpolo de las selecciones nacionales de Montenegro y Croacia participantes en el campeonato europeo U15 2019

The aim of this research was to determine the differences between the cadets (U15) water polo players of national teams of Montenegro and Croatia in the body composition and anthropometric characteristics. A sample of 32 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects was consisted of 16 water polo players of Montenegro national team of the average age 14.69±.48, the vice champions on the European Championships in Burgas (Bulgaria) 2019, while the other sub-sample was consisted of 16 water polo players of national team of Croatia of the average age of 14.75±.45, who occupied the eighth position on the European Championships in Burgas (Bulgaria) 2019. Water polo players were tested at the final preparations just before the European championship. Body composition and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, upper leg skinfold, lower leg skinfold, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the water polo players of two national teams in the variables for assessing body composition and anthropometric characteristics was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that there are statistically significant differences in five variables, in three variables at p<0.01 (body height, triceps skinfold and biceps skinfold), and in two variables at p<0.05 (upper leg skinfold and muscle mass). It can be stated that the water polo players of Montenegro have statistically significantly higher triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold and upper leg skinfold, and statistically significantly lower body height and muscle mass than the water polo players of Croatia.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre los jugadores cadetes de waterpolo (U15) de los equipos nacionales de Montenegro y Croacia en la composición corporal y las características antropométricas. Se dividió una muestra de 32 jugadeores en dos submuestras. La primera submuestra consistió en 16 jugadores de waterpolo del equipo nacional de Montenegro con una edad promedio de 14,69 ± 0,48, los vicecampeones del Campeonato de Europa en Burgas (Bulgaria) 2019, mientras que la otra submuestra estuvo compuesta de 16 jugadores de waterpolo del equipo nacional de Croacia con una edad promedio de 14,75 ± 0,45, que ocuparon la octava posición en el Campeonato de Europa en Burgas (Bulgaria) 2019. Los jugadores de waterpolo fueron probados en los preparativos finales justo antes del campeonato europeo. La composición corporal y las características antropométricas se evaluaron mediante una batería de 11 variables: altura corporal, peso corporal, pliegue cutáneo del tríceps, pliegue cutáneo del bíceps, pliegue cutáneo de la espalda, pliegue abdominal, pliegue superior de la pierna, pliegue inferior de la pierna, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa y músculo masa. Se calcularon los parámetros estándar centrales y de dispersión de todas las variables. La importancia de las diferencias entre los jugadores de waterpolo de dos equipos nacionales en las variables para evaluar la composición corporal y las características antropométricas se determinó mediante una prueba t para muestras independientes. Se observó que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cinco variables, en tres variables con p <0,01 (altura corporal, pliegue de tríceps y pliegue de bíceps), y en dos variables con p <0,05 (pliegue superior de la pierna y masa muscular). Los jugadores de waterpolo de Montenegro tienen pliegues cutáneos de tríceps estadísticamente significativamente más altos, pliegues cutáneos de bíceps y pliegues superiores de las piernas, y una altura corporal y masa muscular estadísticamente significativamente menor que los jugadores de waterpolo de Croacia.

Nationwide stature estimation from armspan measurements in Albanian youngsters / Estimación de estatura a nivel nacional a partir de mediciones de envergadura en jóvenes albaneses

The purpose of this research is to examine stature in both Albanian sexes as well as its association with arm span, as an alternative to estimating stature. A total of 445 individuals (266 boys and 179 girls) participated in this research. The anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of ISAK. The relationships between stature and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients at a 95 % confidence interval. Then a linear regression analysis was carried out to examine extent to which arm span can reliably predict stature. Results displayed that Albanian boys are 176.57±7.36 cm tall and have an arm span of 179.98±9.41 cm, while Albanian girls are 166.84±9.28 cm tall and have an arm span of 167.53±10.34 cm. The results have shown that both sexes made Albanians a tall nation but not even close to their male compatriots from Kosovo that are almost 3 centimeters taller, while the results in female population are opposite. Moreover, the arm span reliably predicts stature in both sexes, which confirms a high R-square (%) for the boys (73.4) as well as for the girls (78.8).

El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la estatura en individuos de ambos sexos albaneses, además de su asociación con la extensión del brazo, como una alternativa a la estimación de la estatura. Un total de 445 individuos (266 niños y 179 niñas) participaron en esta investigación. Las medidas antropométricas se tomaron de acuerdo con el protocolo de ISAK. Las relaciones entre la estatura y el brazo se determinaron utilizando coeficientes de correlación simples en un intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Luego se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal para examinar en qué medida el brazo puede predecir de manera confiable la estatura. Los resultados muestran que los niños albaneses miden 176,57 ± 7,36 cm de alto y tienen una medida del brazo de 179,98 ± 9,41 cm, mientras que las niñas albanesas miden 166,84 ± 9,28 cm de alto y tienen una medida del brazo de 167,53 ± 10,34 cm. Los resultados han demostrado una altura importante en ambos sexos de la población albanesa. Sin embargo, se observó que respecto de la altura los varones de Kosovo miden casi 3 centímetros más, mientras que en la población femenina se observó lo contrario. Además, la extensión del brazo predice de manera confiable la estatura en ambos sexos, lo que confirma un alto Rcuadrado (%) para los varones (73,4) y para las mujeres (78,8).

Body composition differences between football players of the three top football clubs / Diferencias de composición corporal entre los jugadores de fútbol de los tres mejores clubes de fútbol

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the football players of three the most successful football clubs in Kosovo, FC Trepca ´89, FC Prishtina and FC Besa Peje in a terms of morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 53 subjects was divided into three sub-samples. Fifteen (15) players of FC Trepca ´89 of the average age 21.80±3.57, the champions of Kosovo, twenty (20) players of FC Prishtina of the average age of 24.30±4.99, the vice champions of the Kosovo Championship, and eighteen (18) players of FC Besa Peje of the average age 21.83±3.17, the champions of the Cup of Kosovo. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 10 variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The significance of the differences between the players of the three the most successful football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition were determined by ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. ANOVA test found that the football players of the three mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences in one variable that estimate the waist circumference. The LSD Post Hoc test showed that football players of FC Besa Peje had significantly less value of waist circumference compared to the football players of FC Prishtina and FC Trepca ´89. The values of the waist circumference of all football players show that they belong to professional trained players, although their differences in this variable are statistically significant.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre los jugadores de fútbol de los tres clubes de mayor éxito en Kosovo, FC Trepca ´89, FC Prishtina y FC Besa Peje, en términos de características morfológicas y composición corporal. En el estudio se dividieron los 53 sujetos en tres grupos, quince (15) jugadores del FC Trepca ´89 con una edad promedio de 21,80 ± 3,57, los campeones de Kosovo, veinte (20) jugadores del FC Prishtina con una edad promedio de 24,30 ± 4,99, los vicecampeones del Campeonato de Kosovo, y dieciocho (18) jugadores del FC Besa Peje con una edad promedio de 21,83 ± 3,17, los campeones de la Copa de Kosovo. Los jugadores de fútbol fueron evaluados inmediatamente después del final de la temporada de competencias. Las características morfológicas en la composición corporal se evaluaron mediante una batería de 10 variables: altura corporal, peso corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, pliegue de tríceps, pliegue de bíceps, pliegue de la espalda, pliegue abdominal, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular. El ANOVA y el LSD post hoc determinaron la importancia de las diferencias entre los jugadores de los tres clubes de fútbol más exitosos en las características morfológicas y las variables para evaluar la composición corporal. La prueba de ANOVA encontró que los jugadores de fútbol de los tres clubes mencionados tienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en una variable que estima la circunferencia de la cintura. La prueba LSD post hoc indicó que los jugadores de fútbol del FC Besa Peje tenían un valor significativamente menor de la circunferencia de la cintura en comparación con los jugadores de fútbol del FC Prishtina y el FC Trepca ´89. Los valores de circunferencia de la cintura de todos los jugadores de fútbol muestran que pertenecen a jugadores entrenados profesionalmente; las diferencias en esta variable son estadísticamente significativas.

Body Mass Index and Measures of Body Fat for Defining Obesity and Underweight: A Cross-Sectional of Various Specialties in Montenegrin Army Soldiers.

BACKGROUND: The body composition and physical fitness of members of the army is always a relevant topic for research, since the level of defense and security of people and material goods in a specific territory in many ways depends on the level of ability of the army. However, members of the armed forces are a heterogeneous group, typified by different abilities, characteristics, but also everyday needs, and the trend of changing body composition and reducing physical fitness is a current issue that has not bypassed this population either. Therefore, this study aimed to determine possible differences in body composition indicators that could appear between members of the Army of Montenegro of different military specialties. METHODS: The sample of respondents included 240 Montenegrin male soldiers (32.5yr±9.5), who were measured at the sports dispensaries within the barracks of Montenegrin Army around the country in the spring of 2020, was classified into eight numerically equal subsamples according to their military specialty. The sample of variables included five anthropometric measures, which were necessary to calculate two derived body composition indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (FAT %). Using the one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test with Taki's model, the variables were analyzed. RESULTS: It was determined that the body composition of Montenegrin soldiers shows a certain peculiarity compared to other national military corps, while there are differences in body composition indicators between members of the Montenegrin Army of different military specialties. CONCLUSION: This fact dramatically strengthens the issues of Montenegrin distinctive regarding body composition, both in general terms and in terms of distinctive within specific professional vocations.